Linux audio configuration operates through multiple layers, with ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) serving as the kernel-level foundation. Above this foundation, both JACK and PulseAudio function as sound servers, each designed for distinct use cases and performance requirements.
The fundamental difference lies in their design philosophy. JACK prioritizes minimal latency and professional audio routing capabilities, making it indispensable for music production, live performance, and audio engineering. PulseAudio focuses on desktop user experience, providing seamless device switching, per-application volume control, and network audio streaming.
According to research from ArchWiki’s professional audio documentation, understanding this architectural distinction proves crucial for successful Linux audio configuration, as attempting to force one system into the other’s role often results in suboptimal performance.